Parks as the city's social laboratory: Linking safety. cultural richness, and sociability in shaping the experiences of mothers and children

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Social Development Department , University of Tehran

10.22059/ijsp.2026.407304.671362

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the social and cultural contexts and functions of Mother and Child Parks in Tehran. Utilizing qualitative methodologies based on observation and semi-structured interviews (n=52), the study sought to ascertain the experiences of users and relevant stakeholders, including mothers, park security personnel (guards), local neighbors, and municipal experts.

Park data were initially categorized individually. Subsequently, based on the interrelationship between three core thematic categories—"Sense of Security," "Cultural Enrichment, and Sociability Potential,"—three distinct park typologies were delineated: the "Pioneering Park" (sociable with community), the "Medium Park" (leisure-enabling and neighborhood-based), and the "Dormant Park" (culturally unresponsive).

The findings suggest that, within the lived experience of mothers and women, security and culture significantly contribute to sociability and the qualitative enrichment of leisure time in the parks. Specifically, the community-centric architectural approach of these parks—through the provision of security (regular guard presence, installation of cameras at ingress and egress points), the social spatial configuration (placement of benches, gazebos, open and interactive squares), and the availability of cultural facilities (cultural centers, sports areas, libraries, Mother and Child House, etc.)—has amplified the level of convergence, collective engagement, and social gatherings among mothers.

Conversely, as mothers experienced increased apprehension stemming from the presence of high-risk and incompatible individuals in the space, such as addicts and homeless persons, they adopted a more pessimistic perception of the parks. Consequently, this prevalent feeling of insecurity prevents them from considering the parks as a conduit or milieu for positive social interactions and social capital accumulation.

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Journal of Social Problems of Iran
Volume 16, Issue 2
May 2026
Pages 101-119

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