Analyzing the Meaning of Extramarital Relationships from the Perspective of Married People (Case Study: Married People Involved in Extramarital Relationships in Tehran)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D in Sociology, Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Demography, Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

10.22059/ijsp.2025.388102.671285

Abstract

Extramarital relationships are defined and interpreted differently across societies, cultures, and even among individuals, and have always been a source of controversy. According to research findings, the way individuals define and interpret extramarital relationships predicts their involvement in such relationships. Therefore, one of the most important aspects of examining extramarital relationships is addressing individuals' perspectives about them. Accordingly, this paper aims to explore the interpretations and meanings that married people assign to these relationships by utilizing a qualitative research approach. In performing the objective of this analysis, eighteen married people - Tehran residents - had been interviewed: Semi-structured interviews who, within virtual or real-space contexts, needed to establish at least one of their sexual-emotional or only-sex or emotion relations. Thematic analysis of the participants' narratives revealed that these meanings and interpretations included reducing extramarital relationships to sexual intercourse, trivializing extramarital relationships, generalizing extramarital relationships, discrediting marital fidelity, and Extramarital Relationships as Tacit Agreements. In this way, throughout this process, those studied participated in the re-conceptualizing of an extra-marital relationship as a non-moral issue and became involved in one. These findings show that through the redefinition, the participants did not try to eliminate the unfaithfulness label linked with their cheating behavior but tried to justify the involvement in these relationships as a strategy.

Keywords


اسکندری، مریم و پرندین، شیما. (1401). پیش‌بینی نگرش به خیانت زناشویی بر اساس مؤلفه‌های رضایت جنسی و صمیمیت در زوجین، نشریه علمی و فرهنگی زنان و خانواده، 17 (58): 183- 199.
پیرزاده، میلاد؛ بنی­سی، پریناز؛ و وطن­خواه، حمیدرضا. (1398). پیش‌بینی نگرش به خیانت زناشویی بر اساس رضایت جنسی، کیفیت روابط زناشویی و رضایت زناشویی زنان متأهل جوان پیشرفت های نوین در علوم رفتاری ۴ (۳۹) : 16-32.
رجبی، بهروز. (1398). خیانت، عامل ۸۰ درصد طلاق‌ها، قابل دسترس در https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1292274/.
رافعی، فهیمه. (1400). وقتی خیانت عامل 80 درصد طلاق‌ها می‌شود، قابل دسترس در https://www.omidebanovan.ir/fa/news/6156.
علیوردی نیا، اکبر؛ ریاحی، محمد اسماعیل؛ مددی، مریم؛ و جلیلی، فاطمه. (1402). تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی نوع نگرش و رفتار زنان متاهل دارای روابط فرازناشویی نسبت به این نوع روابط، رفاه اجتماعی، ۲۳ (۹۰): ۲11-۲58.
فتحی آشتیانی، علی. (1403). تهرانی‌ها رکورد زدند؛ این بار در آمار طلاق!، قابل دسترس در https://jahanesanat.ir/467728/.
موقر، مهشید. (1397). ۳ دلیل اصلی افزایش طلاق در کلان‌شهرها، قابل دسترس در
.https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1225674/%DB%B3
وجدانی، شهریار؛ کرمی، مریم؛ و احمدی، صدیقه. (1399). بررسی نقش تعدیل گری باورهای مذهبی در رابطه بین سبک های دلبستگی با نگرش به خیانت در زنان متاهل، نشریه مطالعات اجتماعی – روانشناختی زنان، 2 (18): 193-220.
وحیدا، فریدون؛ سبزه، حسینعلی؛ و ذاکری، حاحد. (1394). تحلیل و بررسی کیفی عوامل مؤثر بر همسرکشی در بین زنان و مردان، بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 6 (1)، 193-214.
یوسفی، ناصر؛ کریمی­پور، بنت­الهدی؛ و امانی، احمد. (1396). بررسی مدل باورهای مذهبی، سبک­های حل تعارض و تعهد زناشویی با نگرش نسبت به خیانت زناشویی، دوفصلنامه مشاوره کاربردی، 6 (1)، 47-64.
 
Abbaszadeh, M., Adlipour, S., Alizadeh Aghdam, M. B., & Aghayari Hir, T. (2019). The attitudes toward extramarital relations and some of its related factors among families of Tabriz. Journal of Research and Health9(6), 496-504.
Alexopoulos, C. (2021). Justify my love: Cognitive dissonance reduction among perpetrators of online and offline infidelity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships38(12), 3669-3691.
Allen, E. S., & Atkins, D. C. (2012). The association of divorce and extramarital sex in a representative US sample. Journal of Family Issues33(11), 1477-1493.
Blow, A. J., & Hartnett, K. (2005). Infidelity in committed relationships I: A methodological review. Journal of marital and family therapy31(2), 183-216.
Blow, A. J., & Hartnett, K. (2005). Infidelity in committed relati0nships ii: A substantive review. Journal of marital and family therapy31(2), 217-233.
Bozoyan, C., & Schmiedeberg, C. (2023). What is infidelity? A vignette study on norms and attitudes toward infidelity. The Journal of Sex Research60(8), 1090-1099.
Campbell, K., & Wright, D. W. (2010). Marriage today: Exploring the incongruence between Americans’ beliefs and practices. Journal of Comparative Family Studies41(3), 329-345.
Conley, T. D., Moors, A. C., Ziegler, A., & Karathanasis, C. (2012). Unfaithful individuals are less likely to practice safer sex than openly nonmonogamous individuals. The journal of sexual medicine9(6), 1559-1565.
Cravens, J. D., Leckie, K. R., & Whiting, J. B. (2013). Facebook infidelity: When poking becomes problematic. Contemporary Family Therapy35, 74-90.
Fife, S. T., Weeks, G. R., & Gambescia, N. (2008). Treating infidelity: An integrative approach. The Family Journal16(4), 316-323.
Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2009). Psychological distress: Precursor or consequence of dating infidelity?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin35(2), 143-159.
Henline, B. H., Lamke, L. K., & Howard, M. D. (2007). Exploring perceptions of online infidelity. Personal relationships14(1), 113-128.
Hertlein, K. M., & Piercy, F. P. (2006). Internet infidelity: A critical review of the literature. The Family Journal14(4), 366-371.
Jackman, M. (2015). Understanding the cheating heart: What determines infidelity intentions?. Sexuality & Culture19(1), 72-84.
Labrecque, L. T., & Whisman, M. A. (2017). Attitudes toward and prevalence of extramarital sex and descriptions of extramarital partners in the 21st century. Journal of Family Psychology31(7), 952.
Lonergan, M., Brunet, A., Rivest‐Beauregard, M., & Groleau, D. (2021). Is romantic partner betrayal a form of traumatic experience? A qualitative study. Stress and Health37(1), 19-31.
Mark, K. P., Janssen, E., & Milhausen, R. R. (2011). Infidelity in heterosexual couples: Demographic, interpersonal, and personality-related predictors of extradyadic sex. Archives of sexual behavior, 40, 971-982.
Mattingly, B. A., Wilson, K., Clark, E. M., Bequette, A. W., & Weidler, D. J. (2010). Foggy faithfulness: Relationship quality, religiosity, and the perceptions of dating infidelity scale in an adult sample. Journal of Family Issues31(11), 1465-1480.
Mileham, B. L. A. (2007). Online infidelity in Internet chat rooms: An ethnographic exploration. Computers in Human Behavior23(1), 11-31.
Moller, N. P., & Vossler, A. (2015). Defining infidelity in research and couple counseling: a qualitative study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 41(5), 487-497.
Munsch, C. L. (2012). The science of two‐timing: the state of infidelity research. Sociology Compass6(1), 46-59.
Munsch, C. L. (2015). Her support, his support: Money, masculinity, and marital infidelity. American Sociological Review80(3), 469-495.
Nazari, A., Hosseinnia, M., & Najafi, E. (2024). Sexual satisfaction and attitude toward marital infidelity among married people in Iran: the role of social media and entertainment preferences. BMC Public Health24(1), 1693.
Nemeth, J. M., Bonomi, A. E., Lee, M. A., & Ludwin, J. M. (2012). Sexual infidelity as trigger for intimate partner violence. Journal of Women's Health21(9), 942-949.
Peluso, P. R. (2019). A family systems guide to infidelity: helping couples understand, recover from, and avoid future affairs. Routledge.
Perel, E. (2017). The state of affairs: Rethinking infidelity-A book for anyone who has ever loved. Hachette UK.
Pichon, M., Treves-Kagan, S., Stern, E., Kyegombe, N., Stöckl, H., & Buller, A. M. (2020). A mixed-methods systematic review: Infidelity, romantic jealousy and intimate partner violence against women. International journal of environmental research and public health17(16), 5682.
Roshanaei, M. (2022). Prediction of attitudes towards infidelity based on identity and life satisfaction. Iranian Journal of Educational Research1(2), 38-55.
Schneider, J. P., Weiss, R., & Samenow, C. (2012). Is it really cheating? Understanding the emotional reactions and clinical treatment of spouses and partners affected by cybersex infidelity. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity19(1-2), 123-139.
Scott, S. B., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., Allen, E. S., & Markman, H. J. (2013). Reasons for divorce and recollections of premarital intervention: Implications for improving relationship education. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice2(2), 131.
Snyder, D. K., Baucom, D. H., & Gordon, K. C. (2008). An integrative approach to treating infidelity. The Family Journal16(4), 300-307.
Sweeney, M. M., & Horwitz, A. V. (2001). Infidelity, initiation, and the emotional climate of divorce: are there implications for mental health? Journal of health and social behavior, 295-309.
Tang, Y. (2019). Defining infidelity and identifying offending spouses. (Tesis of Master), University of Kentucky, Estados Unidos.
Thapa, R., Yang, Y., & Nget, M. (2019). Perceptions of sexual infidelity in rural Cambodia: a qualitative study of adolescent men. American journal of men's health13(3), 1557988319848576.
Thompson, A. E., & O’Sullivan, L. F. (2016). Drawing the line: The development of a comprehensive assessment of infidelity judgments. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(8), 910–926.
Thompson, A. E., Zimmerman, C. N., Kulibert, D., & Moore, E. (2017). Sex differences and the effect of rival characteristics on adults’ judgments of hypothetical infidelity. Evolutionary Psychological Science3, 97-108.
Townsend, L., Jewkes, R., Mathews, C., Johnston, L. G., Flisher, A. J., Zembe, Y., & Chopra, M. (2011). HIV risk behaviours and their relationship to intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have multiple female sexual partners in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior15, 132-141.
Treas, J., & Giesen, D. (2000). Sexual infidelity among married and cohabiting Americans. Journal of marriage and family62(1), 48-60.
Twenge, J. M., Sherman, R. A., & Wells, B. E. (2015). Changes in American adults’ sexual behavior and attitudes, 1972–2012. Archives of sexual behavior44, 2273-2285.
Vossler, A., & Moller, N. P. (2020). Internet affairs: Partners’ perceptions and experiences of internet infidelity. Journal of sex & marital therapy46(1), 67-77.
Wilson, K., Mattingly, B. A., Clark, E. M., Weidler, D. J., & Bequette, A. W. (2011). The gray area: Exploring attitudes toward infidelity and the development of the Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale. The Journal of social psychology151(1), 63-86.