بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران

بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران

کاربرد الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی ازدحام ذرات در ساخت شاخص‌های تحصیلی و شغلی مهاجرتی در شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار گروه جمعیت شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
در عصر حاضر که به عنوان عصر دیجیتال و هوش مصنوعی شناخته می‌شود، حجم گسترده‌ای از داده‌ها در هر لحظه تولید و پردازش می‌شود. استخراج الگوهای معنادار از این داده‌ها امری ضروری و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. در این راستا، روش‌های مبتنی بر داده‌کاوی به‌عنوان ابزاری کارآمد جهت تحلیل داده‌ها مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. با این حال، در حوزه علوم اجتماعی، پژوهش‌های محدودی در زمینه به‌کارگیری روش‌های الگوریتمی محور مبتنی بر داده انجام شده است. مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از داده‌های خرد سرشماری ۱۳۹۰ و با بهره‌گیری از ساختار الگوریتم فراابتکاری بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات، دو شاخص جاذبه تحصیلی و شغلی را در نرم افزار متلب طراحی و پیاده سازی کرده است. بر اساس اطلاعات استخراج‌شده مبتنی بر این شاخص‌ها، مناطق ۲۲‌گانه تهران امتیازدهی و سپس رتبه‌بندی شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد حدود ۳۳ درصد از مهاجرت‌ها به تهران ناشی از جاذبه‌های شغلی و تحصیلی است (۲۲ درصد شغلی، ۱۱ درصد تحصیلی) و ۶۷ درصد باقی‌مانده به دلایل دیگر مربوط می‌شود. منطقه ۵ بیشترین سهم مهاجرتی و بالاترین جاذبه تحصیلی و شغلی را دارد، در مقابل منطقه ۲۱ کمترین سهم و پایین‌ترین جاذبه را نشان می‌دهد. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌‌دهد که بهره‌گیری از الگوریتم‌های هوشمند در چارچوب داده‌کاوی و در بستر تحولات عصر هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند به شکل چشم‌گیری ظرفیت و کارآمدی این روش‌ها را در تحلیل داده‌های علوم اجتماعی تقویت نماید. در این راستا، مهاجرت به‌عنوان نمونه‌ای کاربردی برای تبیین این رویکرد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است
کلیدواژه‌ها
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