The large-scale migration of Afghan nationals to Iran—and particularly their long-term settlement in cities like Kerman—has transformed the formation and evolution of this group's national identity into a significant social challenge. This study aims to examine the various dimensions of national identity among Afghan migrants residing in Kerman. Drawing on a theoretical framework informed by the theories of Giddens, Tajfel, Turner, and other theorists, national identity is conceptualized as a dynamic process constructed through interactions with individual, social, cultural, and political factors. Data collection was primarily conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire covering five dimensions of identity (political, social, cultural, historical, and geographical), the validity and reliability of which have been confirmed. Sampling was carried out using systematic and snowball sampling methods.The study utilized a sample size of 200 individuals, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicate that the national identity of Afghan migrants in relation to Iran is at a desirable level; furthermore, the duration of residence and level of education significantly influence the dimensions of migrant identity, such that longer residency and higher education levels correlate with a stronger sense of political and geographical belonging. Additionally, cultural interaction and the extent of participation in the host society's cultural activities play a crucial role in reinforcing cultural and historical identity. Statistical analyses reveal that structural factors—such as government policies and social structures—impact the formation and consolidation of migrant identity.