بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران

بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران

بازار اخلاقی توییتر:‌ رابطه ترجیحات اخلاقی و رفتار سیاسی کاربرد مدل یادگیری عمیق در کلان‌داده انتخابات ۱۳۹۶ ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ‌ایران.
چکیده
فرایند تصمیم‌گیری انسانی، که متأثر از عوامل درونی و زمینه‌ای است، نقشی بنیادین در شکل‌گیری کنش‌های اجتماعی و رفتارهای سیاسی ایفا می‌نماید. فهم ترجیحات اخلاقیِ زیربنای این تصمیمات، برای تبیین سازوکارهای حاکم بر امر اجتماعی، ضروری است. مقاله حاضر، با اتخاذ رویکردی میان‌رشته‌ای، از توییتر بهره می‌گیرد تا به بررسی ترجیحات اخلاقی و نسبت آن‌ با جهت‌گیری‌ سیاسی افراد بپردازد. چارچوب بنیادهای اخلاقی با بهره‌گیری از مدل‌های یادگیری عمیق بر روی مجموعه داده‌ای گسترده از توییت‌ها، تحلیل و تأیید شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق، مفاهیمی چون گروه‌گرایی، تمایل به جلب توجه، بی‌اعتمادی، جهت‌گیری ارزشی، مسئولیت‌پذیری و شناخت را به‌عنوان عناصر کلیدی در شکل‌گیری رفتار سیاسی برجسته می‌سازد. این مفاهیم در میان گروه‌های مختلف الگوهای متمایزی از خود بروز می‌دهند.





یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که قطب‌های مثبت ترجیحات گروه و توجه، به‌همراه ترجیحات مرتبط با ارزش، مسئولیت و اعتماد، غالب‌ترین نقش را در سازمان‌دهی گفتمان سیاسی در توییتر فارسی دارند و رفتار کاربران بیش از آن‌که صرفاً تابع برچسب‌های رسمیِ جناحی باشد، از الگوهای متمایز ترجیح اخلاقی تأثیر می‌پذیرد. گروه‌های سیاسی رقیب، مجموعه‌ای متفاوت از ارزش‌های اخلاقی را اولویت‌بندی کرده و این ارزش‌ها از خلال تعاملات بین‌گروهی بازتولید می‌شوند؛ تعاملاتی که در شکل‌گیری هویت‌های جمعی مؤثر واقع می‌شوند. اخلاق مسئولیت‌پذیری و اعتماد، همراه با پویایی‌های گروهیِ متمایل به همرنگی، زمینه‌ساز ثبات اردوگاه‌های سیاسی بوده‌اند. اصلاح‌طلبان و اصول‌گرایان، علی‌رغم تعارض گفتمانی، «امضای اخلاقی» مشابهی دارند، در حالی‌که معاندان پروفایلی متمایز مبتنی بر برجسته‌سازی قدرت، بی‌اعتمادی و مخالفت با سکون نشان می‌دهند و کاربران غیرسیاسی بیش از همه بر روابط نزدیک و هویت‌های خرد تمرکز دارند.
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