In recent years, Iranian society has been the site of thought-provoking movements focused on official punishments. Since the effects of punishments can always be represented as influenced by the will of the legislator and executive bodies, this research examines the relationship between public awareness of the consequences of official punishments and attitudes toward punishments, with the perception of social justice considered as a mediating variable. The processing of the theoretical model and explanation of findings were based on the theories of Foucault, Saliba, and the Marshall hypothesis. The research method is a survey, the unit of observation and analysis is the individual, and the statistical population consists of virtual space users aged 18 or older residing in Tehran. Using a convenience sampling method, a sample of 270 people was selected. The data collection technique was an online questionnaire. Based on the findings, the average awareness of respondents regarding the consequences of punishments is above average (3.08 out of 4 as the highest level), the average perceived social justice is below average (2.04 out of 5 as the highest level), and the attitude toward punishments is an intermediate attitude (2.75 out of 5 as the most negative attitude). The relationship between awareness of the consequences of punishments and attitudes toward punishments is significant. Based on stepwise regression analysis, the independent variable, through the mediating variable, explained 45% of the changes in the dependent variable; "public awareness", "experience-linked awareness" and the "procedural justice perception" had the greatest impact on the dependent variable.